Urinary Tract Infections called FLUS by Vets

As many of you know, male cats are prone to developing crystals in their urine which block their small urethras.  If not noticed immediately and unblocked, the cat will die.  However, UTIs can also affect female cats.  Since I have one boy very prone to the UTI and another who is less prone but has experienced a UTI, these observations are direct from the Herd o' Cats and the VET. (There are also other reasons for Feline Lower Urinary Syndrome, but for the purposes of this post, the assumption is that your cat got some bacteria in her bladder and crystals have now formed)

1.  Watch the magnesium

High concentrations of magnesium combined with not enough water intake will likely cause crystal development in the urine.  What is a high concentration?  As much as I love Bench & Field's holistic feline food one can get at Trader Joe's, the magnesium content of 0.12 is too high according to my vet.  Compared to Hill's Feline c/d which is what most vets put a UTI prone cat on, the magnesium is 0.06.

2.  Watch the water intake

Dry food ain't that good for our feline friends.  Cats by nature are desert creatures and tend to get their fluids from eating food rather than drinking water.  So if your cat is communing with his ancestral inner self and doesn't drink a lot of water, you've got to make sure he gets enough through food.  One solution:  wet food.  But then, you gotta make sure food doesn't get stuck between his teeth because that can lead to decay.  


3.  Watch the cat

A cat with a UTI is in serious pain.  They will try and show you the pain because they know that death is imminent.  Okay, maybe they don't know death is knocking but they know you can help them.  The cat will walk funny in front of you or walk and then lie down awkwardly.  The cat will obviously try to pee but won't be able to.  My one cat would lie down because the position would unblock his urethra slightly to allow some urine to escape forming small puddles on the floor.  Considering how fastidious a cat is, he didn't like lying in a puddle of pee, so he would get up and move a couple of feet, lie down and puddle again.  Repeat until I noticed and got a cup for him to pee in so I could collect a clean sample for the vet.  Actually, the first time, I freaked out and brought the cat into the Doc, who put a very long syringe through my boy's abdomen, piercing the bladder and withdrawing a urine sample.  Considering this, the second time, I got a cup and brought the sample to the vet.  The third time this happened, I figured no more needing to collect samples -- it's obvious what's going on!!

Lots of web sites will tell you that if your cat pees more often than usual, licks the genital area over frequently and obsessively, or makes pained noises, these are also signs of a problem.  Blood in the urine is definitely a sign for you to take immediate action.  I think the best guide is that you know how your cat normally behaves.  If your cat starts behaving differently, figure out what might be causing the change in behavior.

4.  Steps I've taken to alleviate the problem

I don't know why I don't just stop getting the holistic food at Trader Joe's, but I still do.  Since it's high in Mg, I mix it about 1:1.5 with Hill's Prescription c/d.  A cat who suffers from a UTI will be given some medicine to break up the urine and go on Hill's Prescription s/d which has like almost no magnesium in it but it tastes like crap.  A cat really bad off needs immediate surgery.

I give my cats lots of wet food.  They love it and I'm a sucker.  They get scraps of my dinner, too.  But I figure a varied diet is better than a single item diet -- this is purely my opinion.  They get lots of fresh water.  Lots and lots.  A cat with a choice between fresh and old water will always drink the fresh water, so if you have a cat that doesn't really like to drink water, change yours often!

I have a cat that LOVES water.  So I mix his dry food and water and he laps it up.  I've tried this with my other cats and they think I'm crazy.  So obviously this isn't an every cat thing although I guess if you start them young, they wouldn't know the difference.  It's certainly cheaper than wet food.  I knew a vet student who had two small female cats prone to UTIs and she just mixed water with their wet food.  One likes it; the other doesn't, but since it's the only option, she eats when she gets hungry.

Cat standing on hind legs!

Is he looking at a bird?

Bulu, the foster cat, explores ice

Some cats just love water.  Bulu, the foster cat, is one of them.  He likes to get in the sink.  He likes to get in the shower.  And the other day, he discovered ice.  Went outside, sat on some ice.  Broke some ice with his paw.  Licked some really cold water.  And then...

Tooth Care

When you only have one cat, it's hard to tell what's normal and not when it comes to teeth.  But when you have a herd of cats, you can start making some generalizations especially as they all eat the same food, etc.

1. Firstly, no cat is the same.  There is something genetic when it comes to teeth.  I have a cat who has never had a bit of tartar or plaque or gingivitis.  And, he's never brushed his teeth.
2. Wet food v. dry food makes no difference.  Dry food is not better for your cats teeth.  The only thing that might be problematic is when wet food gets stuck between your cat's teeth.  This generally only happens if your cat's teeth are already disintegrating.  Wet food is actually arguably better for your cat due to the increased moisture (but more on that in another post).

The big question many cat owners have is what should one do if my cat has teeth problems?

Most cats don't like people fussing in their mouths; however, my herd trusts me a lot more than they trust the vet.  So while a vet needs to sedate a cat to work on his teeth, I generally just get into my cats' mouths and go to it!  I've never liked sedation on any animal (human or otherwise), so if I can avoid it, I don't let anyone sedate my animals.  That being said, what can one accomplish (teeth-wise) while a cat is awake?

1. Tartar:  tartar is yellow on a cat's teeth and generally occurs on the outside of the back molars.  Cats tongues are rough which keeps the inside of their teeth pretty clean (like a constant toothbrush).  One can clean tartar off through brushing (i just use a regular / child toothbrush and some hydrogen peroxide -- the cats like the bubbly carbonation of the H2O2), or even easier, just pick it off with your nail, or take some toilet paper and rub it off.  If you let tartar continue to build up on your cat's teeth, she will end up with plaque.
   
   
2. Plaque:  hard crusty cover usually some various shade of gross (brown, black, yellow) on your cat's back molars.  My one cat has serious teeth issues and the plaque was very worrying to me.  Finally, I talked to my vet about how to deal with it without sedation. 
   
   The vet showed me how to take my thumb nail, hook it over the plaque (right at the gum line) and yank down.  HOLY COW!  The whole piece of plaque fell off my cat's tooth.  It was huge and thick and disgusting.  This process will always make the gum bleed slightly because the plaque actually sits up underneath the gum so when you yank down, you irritate the gum.  HOWEVER, if the bleeding is more than superficial, lasts more than a minute, gushing blood, etc.  you've seriously hurt your cat's gum and now he hates you.  if you can, put some triple antibiotic on it and try to apply pressure to stop the bleeding.
   
   My vet only did one side of my cat's mouth, and left me to do the other side.  Either my thumbnail isn't as strong as his, or this piece of plaque was even more attached than the other, or my technique is just not refined, but I could not get the plaque off.  However, using a dental pick, I was able to hook it and pull just as my cat yanked his head the opposite way, and half of the plaque fell off.  Then I was able to flick off the other side.  It was amazing to see my cat's tooth for the first time in years!
   
   
3. Gingivitis:  If your cat has a thin red line running on her gum along the tooth line, this means her gums are inflamed which is likely something to do with gingivitis.  I am not sure of the answer yet.  I don't think one can give a cat listerine.  so perhaps, again, brushing with hydrogen peroxide.
   
   
4. Receding gum line:  My one cat's gums are receding.  How do I know?  Because his teeth are getting longer.  And then they fall out.  So if it looks like your cat's teeth are growing, it's because his gums are shrinking.  Best option: brush and keep any food from sticking in the teeth or gum line.

Brushing is something that many pet owners want to do, but just don't do regularly.  I have tried the little finger brush and found it to be generally useless.  I just use a normal toothbrush (small head version), and brush their teeth.  If nothing else, use water so at least any stuck food is released and you scrub off any tartar.  I've found hydrogen peroxide to be the next step up from water.  Just dip the brush head in some over-the-counter hydrogen peroxide solution (2%, I think) just as you would if you were using water.  It's antibacterial and the cats like the fizzy feeling in their mouth.  I've not found a single one of my cats to like the "animal toothpaste" and I have not yet figured out if there's significant difference between human and pet toothpaste.  The likely difference is flouride concentration.

Fleas!

Everyone always has questions about fleas. Let me tell you from experiences, you do not want to mess around with fleas. Here are some basic rules of thumb:

1. When mosquitoes are alive, so are fleas. That means, even in the dead of winter, if you have a couple of warm days or you see a 'skeeter, there are also fleas around.
2. If your cat has fleas, kitty has a good chance of having tapeworm, too!
3. Keeping fleas off your cat is easy. If you let fleas ride and infest your apartment or house, then getting rid of fleas is hard.
4. Generally, these rules apply only to cats that go outdoors unless you and your cats move to a place that already has flea eggs lying around...

Want to know more?

What do you mean, my cat can still have fleas in the winter?

Fleas lay eggs which then hatch and become larvae. This is important to know because only the adult flea lives on your cat. Flea eggs are designed to drop out of the cat hair and fall to the ground. After the eggs hatch, the larvae eat anything organic, but primarily they feed on flea "dirt" which has also fallen to the ground. Flea dirt is adult flea poop which for obvious reasons is made almost entirely of dried blood. Why is this all important? Because if you think you combed out all the fleas out of your cat, you've still missed all the eggs and larvae that have fallen on the ground in your house. And since you keep your house warm during the winter, the eggs have no problem hatching, becoming adult fleas and jumping on your cat again!

* I like this picture of the flea because frankly, if you find a flea on your cat, you're not going to be looking really closely at it. Just getting the general shape of the flea is important.

How can I tell if my cat has fleas?

Obviously if your cat is scratching vigourously for long periods of time (like 10 seconds), she probably has fleas. Catch fleas earlier by combing your cat with a flea comb. The tight metal tines of a flea comb will pull out hair, dandruff, dirt and if your cat has them: fleas and flea dirt. If the comb pulls out fleas, then usually, the flea doesn't jump right away (as it's caught in hair and metal). You can quickly pinch the flea between your fingers (it's flat) and flush it down the toilet or put it in a cup of water. Drowning a flea is an easy way of killing it. Comb the cat at the base of his back near the tail and on the sides of their neck. Because it's hard for cats to groom themselves in these locations, this is often where fleas gather.

Flea dirt looks a lot like regular dirt, but there are significant differences. Regular dirt is usually small and flat. Flea dirt is usually slightly larger and round (see pic). If you can't really tell, then take some of the dirt and smear it against the side of your wet sink. Regular dirt will smear brown. Flea dirt will smear red because it's blood.

You know you have a flea problem when you start getting bit. Usually, fleas will bite you at your ankles and under your shirt. Bites are generally small red raised dots and you'll get a bunch of them together in the same area. Bites are usually smaller than a spider and mosquito bite.

Why should I want to get rid of fleas?

If the obvious irritation flea bites cause your kitty and you doesn't bother you, the here are some other reasons you don't want fleas in your house.

• Enough fleas can dehydrate your cat to death.
• Your cat can get tapeworms from fleas. When a cat eats a flea infected with tapeworm, the cat also gets tapeworm. Enough tapeworms can starve your cat to death. You can tell your cat has tapeworm because he will poop little segments of tapeworm. Generally, these sesame seed looking segments will hang on the hair near your cat's anus. If you see these, get meds from your vet quickly. One pill will kill the tapeworms, but better yet, get rid of the fleas!
• Most cats are tremendously allergic to fleas. If you don't keep fleas off your cat, she could display skin allergies. My cat's skin would get so irritated, he'd lick of whole sections of fur. Then you'd see these raised skin lesions. After medicating him regularly, he's not since displayed any skin allergies.

How do I get rid of fleas?


The only way to get rid of fleas is to break the life cycle of the flea through mass extinction.

• For the protection and welfare of your cat, the easiest way is to get topical skin medication from your vet. Such liquid meds applied to the skin of your cat will kill fleas and eggs. The meds last for a month usually so while your cat is protected, no flea can live on her -- thus, preventing the flea population from growing in your house. You should / must apply the medicine in regular monthly intervals. Don't let a couple days lapse between when you were supposed to apply and when you actually do apply the meds. Cats get fleas really quickly.

My personal opinion about topical flea medications.

• Firstly, if your cat turns out to be allergic to one, change the medicine. For example, I used to use Revolution because it killed a lot more nasty parasites than fleas, but two of my guys lost hair at the point where I placed the medicine. So, then I switched to Advantage even though it kills only fleas because it didn't irritate the skin and it's slightly cheaper. There are other flea medications sold over the internet; I really don't know much about them, but if anyone else has had good luck with them, comment and let us all know!
  
  UPDATE: Recently, there's been news of flea medication causing the death of animals. All flea medication is poisonous. Many of the complaints have centered around the Hartz brand, an over-the-counter (OTC) option. It would be my greatest wish that I did not have to apply flea medication on my cats! If your cats are not in a tick-heavy environment, DO NOT USE TICK medication. Tick medication is highly poisonous and just not necessary unless you live in a tick-infested area. I did some research and found that fleas can live in a wide-ranging temperature and altitude environments. I know from personal communication that fleas don't affect animals in Montana, yet I still haven't found the reason why. This summer, the weather has been less humid with less mosquitoes. I have been able to extend the time between flea medication application. It helps to brush the cats every day to check for fleas and flea dirt. It also helps to vacuum regularly. I'm on week five / six and have only found one baby flea. Hopefully, I can make it to week 7 / 8 before having to medicate the cats.
  
• Secondly, my cats hate having the meds applied to the nape of their neck (as the products suggest), so I just apply the liquid in drops on to different regions of the top of their head and neck trying to apply to skin, not fur. I think it's best to apply flea medication to different areas anyway because having one huge blob of liquid run down the back of your neck is irritating and going to take longer to soak into the skin then several small drops on different areas. Thirdly, it doesn't matter if they lick it (it's going into their bodies anyway, and you can rest assured, they won't lick it because it tastes gross!). But I digress...
  

To continue:

• Vacuuming your house definitely helps! You will suck up flea eggs and larvae, but make sure to empty out the canister.
  

• If your house gets infested with fleas and you can't get rid of them because now they've started to live on you as well as your cat (using cat flea medication on yourself is not recommended), you can buy an aerosol flea poison and "bomb" your apartment. This is tedious work and horrible in general. You have to cover every inch of anything you don't want bombed (like your books). Then you have to vacate your house -- take your cat with you! Then you have to air your house out for a day. Then you have wipe down or vacuum every surface area. Seriously, bombing your apartment is crap.

• If you think you haven't quite gotten to full-blown flea infestation and want to try some other methods. Borax kills fleas by dehydrating them. Pennyroyal is another natural alternative (be careful as the pennyroyal oil can kill cats, too!). There are also chemical sprays that you can spray your carpets, floors, etc (please don't spray your cat).

But nothing is going to do the trick unless you break the cycle of the flea sucking your cat's blood.

So get some medication and

flea your cat!

To close, Wikipedia (obviously) and University of Florida Feature Creatures are two good sites to learn more about the flea.

A final note: I've heard that Montana doesn't have fleas -- not sure how this is possible, but if anyone can substantiate the claim, I'd be interested in learning more.

A praying mantis attacks my cat!

Feline Herpes

Just like humans and well pretty much everything including coral, cats get herpes!

Dead coral (top) : Alive coral (bottom)

But unlike the herpes that is killing coral, cat herpes is more like the human form that causes cold sores (type 1) versus the more serious genital herpes (type 2). Cats transfer their version of type 1 herpes pretty easily to other cats. In fact, pretty much all (85% or so) cats have this form herpes.

Any kitten whose mother has it contracts it. Any cat that meets up with a stray cat gets it. There's a vaccine for it, but sometimes it doesn't work and well, if your cat already carries herpes, the vaccine doesn't get rid of it.

Most cats who have strong immune systems and aren't constantly exposed to other felines with herpes won't display the common symptoms of FVH-1. The common symptoms are the same as the human cold and/or other symptoms like conjunctivitis in the eye.

If your cat is displaying the symptoms of herpes, treatments are only for the symptoms as there is no "cure" for herpes. So if your cat is congested, the vet will give you decongestant; and if your cat's eye is swollen, the doc will give you something to help soothe the pain. Only time will finally cause the herpes to die down, but naturally, alleviating the pain of the symptoms helps to make your cat feel better and heal faster.

So don't worry so much about herpes. If you've got a young one, get the baby vaccinated, but overall cats are pretty resilient and most of them are infected already!

To get more info, consult your local vet. A quick search of the internet provides a font of information as well. Examples include animalhealthchannel.com and personal blogs sites from other cat parents.

Just an aside about conjunctivitis: the swelling of the eye can be caused by many things including a virus, but also by bacteria and foreign objects in the eye, etc. Please don't always assume that if your cat's eye swells up, or if the third eyelid won't retract, that your cat has herpes. It could be a bacterial infection (not so common, but often vets will give you an antibiotic just in case); it could be something stuck in your cat's eye (then you/vet need to remove it and get some eye antibiotic), or there could be no swelling, but the third eyelid won't retract which is an indication your cat has a bug in its digestive system.

If a cat's eye doesn't get better in 5 days or so, it's best to take your cat to the vet for diagnosis. Also, try to monitor your cat and get in tune to your "healthy" cat so you know right away when your cat isn't feeling well. You're your cat's best defender at the vet and it will help if you know your cat well and can describe your cat's symptoms clinically.

For example, if we look at the two *ick* gross pictures, the cat on the right has a severe case of conjunctivitis where the cat on the left is displaying milder symptoms.

It's obvious what's wrong with the eye on the right, but how do you tell what's wrong with the left cat? Disregarding the cat's sad expression, note the right eye closing up because it's swollen and the crusty secretion in the corner. And note the left eye's third eyelid creeping up from the inner corner of the eye.

Please don't let your cat's eye get so far you can't tell it's an eye anymore!

Update Jan 2010:  Turns out that your cat can get herpes and it can stick around for a lot longer than I ever thought.  I've got one feline friend who's had it for going on 6 months.  Kitty missed his shot by one month and ended up showing signs.  Even with vaccination 10 days after signs show, he's still sneezing, still wheezing, still pulled eyelids after 6 months.  After kitty turned out allergic to eye antibiotic, he got oral L-lysine medication, but nothing seems to be working.  Lesson learned: vaccinate ON-TIME!

Update May 2010:  Finally upper respiratory seems to be cleared and eyes are pretty much normal (very little pulling of the third eyelids).  However, kitty did lose weight -- due to the herpes?  Not sure, but he ate heartily the entire year so something is keeping his weight down.